The Mystique of Epigenetics
نویسنده
چکیده
position effect variegation (in which the probability of Epigenetic effects have often enough been viewed as inactivation of a gene translocated to a position near verging on the mystical. It is a paradox of conventional heterochromatin decreases with its distance from hetgenetics that two alleles can have the same genetic erochromatin). One of the characteristics of a state that sequence but show different states of inheritance. This depends upon an alternative protein structure is that the can be resolved by supposing that the ability to inherit extent of the affected region is unlikely to have defined a nongenetic state reflects the existence of templating. limits. Because the determined condition propagates There must be a transition between two (discontinuous) (perhaps analogous to a crystal), its extent may be limstates (equilibrium situations are excluded). Each of the ited by the (variable) supply of components (unless a alternative states is stable. One of these states can be discrete boundary is encountered, which is not usually regarded as the naı̈ve state—what is achieved simply the case). by synthesis of the relevant components. The other state What conditions must be fulfilled to create an epigecan be regarded as a determined state, in which some netic effect? A discrete event must generate a difference special property has been conferred that distinguishes in structure, either by de novo methylation of DNA or the components (or their macromolecular assembly) by modifying proteins or nucleating a protein structure. from the naı̈ve state. In this issue of Cell, we dispel The structure must be perpetuated, in the case of methmysticism by considering the molecular bases for a variylation because of the existence of an extrinsic enzyme ety of situations involving epigenetic effects. Their system that acts constitutively on hemimethylated DNA, causes fall into two general classes, depending on in the case of a protein structure because the assembly whether DNA or protein is the target for conversion from is intrinsically self-templating (with the extrinsic condi-
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Cell
دوره 93 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1998